How often / How much

How do I know how long my baby needs at any single feed?

It really doesn't matter that you can't see exactly how much your baby has had at any one feed. In fact some research suggests that this is a good thing as it allows the baby to take just what he needs, helping him to establish his own appetite control. This could be important in avoiding obesity later on. Sometimes, it's easy to tell your baby has had enough. He stops sucking, comes off the breast by himself, and lies in your arms in a deep, contented sleep. At other times, you may not get such clear signs. Some babies appear to have finished, and then they show signs of wanting more. Others stay at the breast, happily sucking, off and on for a long time. In time, you learn when you can take your baby off without him objecting.

You will gradually get better at knowing what your baby wants. Some babies, especially older ones, take what they need at some feeds in just a few minutes. Long feeds in the evening are very common – many babies need extra comforting and attention in the evenings, but that goes for formula-fed babies as well. If you are taking your baby off your breast, insert your finger into the corner of his mouth to break the suction first.

One side or both?

Follow what your baby wants when it comes to offering one or both breasts. There are no rules. Some babies want both breasts at each feed, and you can offer the second when your baby seems to take a natural break after the first. If he doesn't want it, that's fine; just offer the 'unused' breast at the next feed. Some babies like to change from side to side during breastfeeding. Your breastmilk changes during the course of a feed, but as long as you always let the baby decide when he's had enough, he will get what he needs. After a while you will become very skilled at knowing what your baby is 'telling' you.

Let-down reflex

The baby feeding at the breast stimulates this reflex. The hormone oxytocin is released into the bloodstream causing the tiny muscles surrounding the milk-producing cells to contract, pushing the milk down into the milk-collecting ducts. The reflex ensures a satisfying feed for your baby. Some mothers are aware of the reflex as a ‘drawing’ feeling within the breast; other mothers are barely aware of it. Some mothers only notice a rapid dripping of milk from the opposite breast once the baby begins to feed.

You and your baby are doing fine if:

• Your baby appears content and satisfied after most feeds.
• Your baby manages to attach to the breast without a fuss at most feeds.
• Your baby is healthy, and gaining weight satisfactorily.
• You feel confident, and your breasts and nipples aren't sore.
• Your baby has at least six wet nappies a day.

Newborn babies (after the first two to three days, and for at least the first month or so) pass a soft yellow stool at least one to three or more times every day. Later, it's normal for bowel movement frequency to change; some babies may only have a dirty nappy once a week, and as long as your baby seems happy and comfortable, there's no need for concern. Breastfed-only babies don't usually become constipated.